Difficult Passages · Who, Where, and Which

Are children punished for their fathers’ sins?

Deuteronomy is a law for Israel’s judges; Exodus is what God does, and to “them that hate me.”

The Passages

Exodus 20:5
5 Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;
Deuteronomy 24:16
16 The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin.

See Also

2 Kings 14:6
6 But the children of the murderers he slew not: according unto that which is written in the book of the law of Moses, wherein the LORD commanded, saying, The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor the children be put to death for the fathers; but every man shall be put to death for his own sin.
Ezekiel 18:14-17
14 Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like, 15 That hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, hath not defiled his neighbour's wife, 16 Neither hath oppressed any, hath not withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment, 17 That hath taken off his hand from the poor, that hath not received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live.

The Difficulty

God says He is “visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me” (Exodus 20:5). The law says, “The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin” (Deuteronomy 24:16).

The Answer

Deuteronomy is a law for Israel’s judges: no court was to put a man to death for his father’s crime, and Amaziah kept it when he slew his father’s murderers but not their children, “according unto that which is written in the book of the law of Moses” (2 Kings 14:6). Exodus is what God Himself does, and it names on whom: “of them that hate me,” the children who go on in their fathers’ sin. The son who “seeth all his father’s sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like … shall not die for the iniquity of his father” (Ezekiel 18:14–17). Gill: “that respects what God himself would do, this what Israel, or the civil magistrates in it should do.”

Sources

  1. which is no contradiction to Exod. xx. 5. that respects what God himself would do, this what Israel, or the civil magistrates in it should do
    Checked against: Internet Archive scan of the first edition, 2026-10-28