Difficult Passages · Numbers in Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles

Did David’s chief captain slay eight hundred at one time, or three hundred?

Two exploits: eight hundred at one time, three hundred at another.

The Passages

2 Samuel 23:8
8 These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.
1 Chronicles 11:11
11 And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.

The Difficulty

Of David’s chief captain: “he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time” (2 Samuel 23:8). “He lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time” (1 Chronicles 11:11).

The Answer

Each verse says “at one time,” and nothing requires the same time. A man made chief of David’s captains for his exploits would have more than one, and Samuel and Chronicles each record one: Kimchi’s answer, which Gill calls the best, “that there were two battles, in which this officer was engaged, at one of them he slew 800, and at the other 300.” Chronicles often supplies what Samuel and Kings leave out, as one Gospel records what another omits.

Gill also gives another way: he engaged eight hundred and slew three hundred with his own hand, the rest falling in the rout he caused. The names differ too (Adino the Eznite, the Tachmonite; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite), as men in Scripture often bore more than one name.

Sources

  1. What Kimchi offers seems to be best, that there were two battles, in which this officer was engaged, at one of them he slew 800, and at the other 300.
    Checked against: Internet Archive scan of the first edition, 2026-10-23